Improvement of the manufacturing method of semi-finished fruit and vegetables of a high degree of readiness

The method of production of concentrated fruit and vegeTable semi-finished product based on apples, Jerusalem artichoke and quince has been improved. Selected components of plant raw materials are chosen due to the presence of such useful substances as pectins, vitamins, minerals, etc. The obtained semi-finished products of a high degree of readiness are semi-finished products with a natural nutrient composition. A feature of the proposed method is the use of low-temperature modes of concentration and drying of raw materials. For the developed method, the hardware set of the line with the use of advanced thermal equipment was selected. Chopped raw materials are blanched in a universal multifunctional device: apple and Jerusalem artichoke in a steam environment (103 °C and 108 °C) for 4 and 8 minutes. Quince is blanched under conditions of pre-exposure in a 0.1 % solution of citric acid in an aqueous medium at a temperature of 75...80 °C (4...8 min.). Concentration to a pasty state takes place in the improved design of the rotary-film apparatus with a reduced processing time of 0.75...1.25 s to a DM content of 28...30 %. To obtain a powdery state, a cylindrical IR dryer was used for drying to the final moisture content at the level of 4...6 % DM. It is also possible to dry the extracts formed after wiping the raw materials to a final moisture content of 10...13 % DM in an IR dryer. The use of low-temperature regimes in the range of 45...60 oC helps to obtain high-quality semi-finished products with maximum preservation of the initial properties of raw materials. By means of organoleptic evaluation, the best experimental sample with the content of blend components was found: apple 40 %; Jerusalem artichoke 35 %; quince 25 %. Developed semi-finished products are additives or fillers in various food products to improve their nutritional valu

Дослідження процесу багаторівневого управління виробничою діяльністю підприємства з урахуванням ризиків

The study considers the process of management of the production activity of an enterprise during a certain interval of time. It takes into account components of the production process and an influence of various production and external factors, including risks. We developed the content and a formulation of the problem of a multi-level process of management of the production activity of an enterprise in the presence of risks. Multi-level management involves a use of two levels of management based on the proposed stages. It involves formation of a set of alternatives to possible levels of management and contains output product volumes. Also, formation of a set of replenishment of material, labor resources and investment resources (second level of management). We developed the method based on the construction of sets of areas of reach taking into account risks. On the basis of its application, we proposed the solution of the discrete optimization problem with a help of minimax. The established optimal management provides a guaranteed result for a solution to the problem of the process of management of production activities of an enterprise under the influence of any risks from a set of permissible ones. At the same time, we reduced the complex problem of dynamic optimization of multi-level management with the consideration of risks to the realization of a finite sequence of one-step problems of discrete optimization. The results of the practical application of the proposed method make possible to increase the efficiency of management of the production activity of an enterprise at the expense of optimum volumes of production, reduction of expenses for replenishment of resources, and also reduction of negative influence of risks.Решена задача динамической оптимизации многоуровневого управления с учетом рисков путем сведения к реализации решений конечного числа задач линейного и выпуклого математического программирования, а также конечного числа задач дискретной оптимизации. Предложен метод на основе построения множеств достижимости. Это дает гарантированный результат управления при влиянии каких-либо возможных рисков из определенного множестваВирішено задачу динамічної оптимізації багаторівневого управління з урахуванням ризиків шляхом зведення до реалізації розв'язків скінченного числа задач лінійного й опуклого математичного програмування, а також скінченного числа задач дискретної оптимізації. Запропоновано метод на основі побудови множин досяжності. Це дає можливість отримати гарантований результат управління при впливі будь-яких можливих ризиків із визначеної множин